在生命周期的敏捷

I like the idea of integrating the conceptual and design phases of products and equipment with the manufacturing and utilization processes throughout the useful life cycles. Life Cycle Management (LCM), or Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), is supposed to accelerate revenue, reduce costs, improve quality, ensure compliance and drive innovation throughout product and equipment lifecycles.

The problem with all this good systems thinking, though, is that business changes fast. Problems usually arise from major changes that come mid-stream—technology shifts, as well as basic operating shifts such as outsourcing—which change the ground rules. And they relate not only to large manufacturing process equipment, but manufacturing and business software systems that involve major change.

多几家公司最近,我看到expensive capital equipment lying around, unused. It’s not simply a matter of optimizing equipment life cycles through good maintenance and repair, but not even getting around to using the equipment sufficiently because its useful life cycle was curtailed by changing circumstances. This does happen more often than many would like to admit.

In one supposedly streamlined automated plant, I saw a vision monitoring system that must have cost well over $1 million, being operated experimentally by a student intern. She was reading the manuals and playing with the machine. By the time the equipment arrived, it was useless; the people who were supposed to be trained to use the equipment had been eliminated in a downturn. The useful life cycle had turned out to be zero. But, it had to remain operating for the specified life cycle, so that the financial investment could be amortized according to the original plan.

Today, extensive software systems are available to do all the important jobs of management of assets and equipment life cycles. But midst the information measurement and feedback tools, serious errors often stem from human judgments that cannot forecast major changes. The problem is acceleration—as fast as one can get a handle on things, the targets move. A specific piece of equipment, or software, may be progressing satisfactorily at one moment in time. But by the time it is delivered, if that is several months, the playing field may already have shifted. Or worse, changing business conditions, e.g., transfer of a complete production process offshore, may make the equipment valueless.

A good supplier, particularly one with a good track record, should have done all the marketing homework. But that may not have taken into account the emergence of new technologies and alternative systems. On top of that, by the time the equipment is ordered and then delivered, it may already be outdated. The LCM reporting grinds to a halt. And one can hardly blame diligent suppliers when disruptive change occurs.

To correctly evaluate equipment life cycles and financial break-even analyses, not only must the cost of equipment or software systems be considered, but also delivery time, operator training and implementation. What seems like equipment that will provide a significant payback within a short period (perhaps even a year) may turn out to be relatively useless, and simply takes up valuable space on the plant floor. It eats up profits over the “projected life,” which turns out to be virtually nothing. Of course, no one wants to take the big write-off all at once.

Performance tips

To sustain business performance in this environment of ever-increasing cost of ownership, companies need agile investment strategies. Implementation time must be measured against technical obsolescence. Also, disruptive tactical changes must be considered at each step, allowing for changes to be made when different tactical steps are taken.

Remember to stay flexible. All the LCM tools in the world won’t help you to forestall change. That vaunted capital expenditure which will allow your company to leapfrog competitors may turn out to be tomorrow’s white elephant.