The pervasiveness of the Internet and Internet technologies, virtualization, hardware commoditization, standardization and open source software has given rise to cloud computing as a lower-cost, flexible information technology (IT) resource that can automatically adapt to business demand. But, like other technological advances in the past, cloud computing brings opportunities, as well as challenges in the areas of security and privacy, data management, integration and service quality.
成功将涉及克服六个关键挑战：
对于许多公司而言，安全是一个问题 -namely, how enterprise data is safeguarded in a shared third-party environment. Since their core business is based on securing customer data, major cloud providers have made significant strides in this area. But it will be important that manufacturers continue to carefully evaluate providers and remain cognizant of the potential for security issues.
其次，问题可能围绕数据浮出水面，including data location, compliance and integration. Current cloud solutions require data to be stored in the cloud. This approach assumes that a company only relies on one or two providers at a time. Yet,the market is still fairly fragmented, with hundreds of cloud-based providers, most specializing in a specific vertical market segment. Although consolidation among providers is inevitable, user companies will probably still end up using multiple clouds. As a result, they will have to deal with data scattered across clouds, as well as the data residing behind their own data-center firewalls. Such fragmentation of data represents huge integration challenges and highlights the importance of developing a comprehensive enterprise architecture.
第三个挑战涉及服务级保证。许多企业应用程序需要一定级别的服务。在传统的本地环境中，这些要求更容易满足，因为IT部门是现场的。但这对云不是正确的。控制运行环境的应用程序提供商无法保证响应时间，因为数据必须通过Internet传播。尽管云提供商稳步进步，但缺乏服务级保证将阻碍关键企业应用程序迁移到云。
旧应用程序是另一个挑战。In general, they do not adapt well to the cloud. Such systems are often critical to core business functions, but today’s cloud infrastructure may lack the service level to support them. Moreover, many legacy applications are tightly coupled to the underlying system software and hardware. Without costly redesign, they cannot benefit from the virtualization and parallelization features of the cloud.
The fifth obstacle concerns the purchase of cloud-based services.使用付费服务应该高度ttractive from a procurement standpoint—moving payment and authorization processes from capital expenditure to operating costs. But the procurement of cloud computing and the concept of what an enterprise agreement looks like in a cloud environment can be sticking points that will not be resolved overnight.
Finally, the inherent elasticity of cloud computing跟踪与之关联的企业软件许可更加困难。公司应寻求解决许可可移植性的许可模型，以便可以将其移动到云中。他们还应按小时衡量软件使用，开发分层的许可以处理支持水平的升级，并包括支持持续升级的预算。
Leveraging the cloud
尽管面临这些挑战，但云计算为工业制造商提供了一种在极具挑战性的商业环境中竞争激烈的工具。可以利用合适的云功能的公司将有能力推出新产品并更快地进入新市场，提高生产力和创新，并吸引顶尖人才 - 非常有助于高性能。
詹姆斯·罗宾斯, james.a.robbins@accenture.com, is a senior executive for Accenture, a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company.
成功将涉及克服六个关键挑战：
对于许多公司而言，安全是一个问题 -namely, how enterprise data is safeguarded in a shared third-party environment. Since their core business is based on securing customer data, major cloud providers have made significant strides in this area. But it will be important that manufacturers continue to carefully evaluate providers and remain cognizant of the potential for security issues.
其次，问题可能围绕数据浮出水面，including data location, compliance and integration. Current cloud solutions require data to be stored in the cloud. This approach assumes that a company only relies on one or two providers at a time. Yet,the market is still fairly fragmented, with hundreds of cloud-based providers, most specializing in a specific vertical market segment. Although consolidation among providers is inevitable, user companies will probably still end up using multiple clouds. As a result, they will have to deal with data scattered across clouds, as well as the data residing behind their own data-center firewalls. Such fragmentation of data represents huge integration challenges and highlights the importance of developing a comprehensive enterprise architecture.
第三个挑战涉及服务级保证。许多企业应用程序需要一定级别的服务。在传统的本地环境中，这些要求更容易满足，因为IT部门是现场的。但这对云不是正确的。控制运行环境的应用程序提供商无法保证响应时间，因为数据必须通过Internet传播。尽管云提供商稳步进步，但缺乏服务级保证将阻碍关键企业应用程序迁移到云。
旧应用程序是另一个挑战。In general, they do not adapt well to the cloud. Such systems are often critical to core business functions, but today’s cloud infrastructure may lack the service level to support them. Moreover, many legacy applications are tightly coupled to the underlying system software and hardware. Without costly redesign, they cannot benefit from the virtualization and parallelization features of the cloud.
The fifth obstacle concerns the purchase of cloud-based services.使用付费服务应该高度ttractive from a procurement standpoint—moving payment and authorization processes from capital expenditure to operating costs. But the procurement of cloud computing and the concept of what an enterprise agreement looks like in a cloud environment can be sticking points that will not be resolved overnight.
Finally, the inherent elasticity of cloud computing跟踪与之关联的企业软件许可更加困难。公司应寻求解决许可可移植性的许可模型，以便可以将其移动到云中。他们还应按小时衡量软件使用，开发分层的许可以处理支持水平的升级，并包括支持持续升级的预算。
Leveraging the cloud
尽管面临这些挑战，但云计算为工业制造商提供了一种在极具挑战性的商业环境中竞争激烈的工具。可以利用合适的云功能的公司将有能力推出新产品并更快地进入新市场，提高生产力和创新，并吸引顶尖人才 - 非常有助于高性能。
詹姆斯·罗宾斯, james.a.robbins@accenture.com, is a senior executive for Accenture, a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company.
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