什么是最重要的当前挑战oil-and-gas行业面孔？“保持我们拥有的工作并发展行业，并确保我们拥有（做到这一点）的资源。”American Petroleum Institute（（www.api.org），华盛顿特区。“已经有计划带来停滞或搁置的新容量。炼油厂正在减少运营。在美国，以石油为基础的燃料大大减少了。”她说，对于Dougher称为“经济的好标志”的柴油，从2008年10月到2009年10月的需求下降了12.5％。
Dougher断言该行业有能力继续利用美国资源，这表明目前对该行业的最大威胁是联邦政府和当前政府对人造全球变暖的行动。“我们担心将精力置于风险上。”这是因为立法提案“迫使最高成本的替代方案，例如运输，首先要开发。这不是最有效的方法。”她评论道。
尽管如此，Dougher强调，天然气是一种所谓的“干净”化石燃料，需要更多的重点，尤其是将产品推向市场。吉恩·卡马克（Gene Cammack）观察到，可能会发生这种情况。“我们在美国看到的最大转变是天然气行业。We’ve gone from an outlook that said, ‘We’re really going to be very short,’ to an outlook that says, ‘We can produce as much natural gas as we need,’ ” adds Commack, an oil-and-gas consultant with automation supplierSiemens Industry Inc.（（www.usa.siemens.com/industry/us/en），在休斯敦。
Horizontal drilling opens new or previously marginal fields, Commack remarks. And because of such drilling technique, “people are looking at domestic shales with new eyes—re-looking at reservoirs they’d examined years ago,” adds Mike Strathman, who leads Burlington, Mass.-based vendorAspen Technology Inc.（（www.aspentech.com) efforts with the oil-and-gas E&P industry.
One rediscovery causing second looks is Northern Appalachia’s Marcellus Shale. According to Pennsylvania State University Professor Terry Engelder and State University of New York-Freedonia Professor Gary Lash, that formation may contain approximately 168 trillion to 516 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
斯特拉斯曼说，由于水平钻孔，马塞洛斯变得更加可回收。他补充说，工作已经开始，生产已经开始。“我们已经看到生产有所增加。”例如，2008年的水平超过2007年。“这是我们第一次在一段时间内看到这一点。”
数字油田
然而,一个主要挑战油气面对我n the past six months or so is “getting more out of what you have,” Strathman remarks. “That means E&P is being treated more as manufacturing, something with which the industry has always had problems.” That’s because “in the oil patch, when [crude] is coming from 10,000-foot to 15,000-foot depths, it makes optimization more difficult than in the refining business.”
Strathman说，优化油块生产意味着拥有数字油田，这也可能称为I-Fields（用于信息场）或智能场。“这对这个行业将是有益的。”这是因为，尽管炼油厂和化学制造商必须弄清楚如何实时控制操作，但“ E＆P仍处于黑暗时代。”
Digital oil-field components include advanced process control, which gives speed with which to solve and then react to changes. To help fill information voids, soft—software-based or virtual—sensors are being created, Strathman observes. Commack predicts “a lot more modeling.”
Regardless, though, where people want to drill, “there’s a real pent-up frustration in the industry to get automation,” Commack observes. Some of this exists because “of the amount of drilling that needs to be done, and to go in and be as effective as possible.” Doing that, he forecasts, will involve new sensor technologies, ultrasonic and down-hole, “that give real-time data.”
C. Kenna Amos, ckamosjr@earthlink.net, is an自动化世界Contributing Editor.
American Petroleum Institute
www.api.org
Siemens Industry Inc.
www.usa.siemens.com/industry/us/en
Aspen Technology Inc.
www.aspentech.com
Dougher断言该行业有能力继续利用美国资源，这表明目前对该行业的最大威胁是联邦政府和当前政府对人造全球变暖的行动。“我们担心将精力置于风险上。”这是因为立法提案“迫使最高成本的替代方案，例如运输，首先要开发。这不是最有效的方法。”她评论道。
尽管如此，Dougher强调，天然气是一种所谓的“干净”化石燃料，需要更多的重点，尤其是将产品推向市场。吉恩·卡马克（Gene Cammack）观察到，可能会发生这种情况。“我们在美国看到的最大转变是天然气行业。We’ve gone from an outlook that said, ‘We’re really going to be very short,’ to an outlook that says, ‘We can produce as much natural gas as we need,’ ” adds Commack, an oil-and-gas consultant with automation supplierSiemens Industry Inc.（（www.usa.siemens.com/industry/us/en），在休斯敦。
Horizontal drilling opens new or previously marginal fields, Commack remarks. And because of such drilling technique, “people are looking at domestic shales with new eyes—re-looking at reservoirs they’d examined years ago,” adds Mike Strathman, who leads Burlington, Mass.-based vendorAspen Technology Inc.（（www.aspentech.com) efforts with the oil-and-gas E&P industry.
One rediscovery causing second looks is Northern Appalachia’s Marcellus Shale. According to Pennsylvania State University Professor Terry Engelder and State University of New York-Freedonia Professor Gary Lash, that formation may contain approximately 168 trillion to 516 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
斯特拉斯曼说，由于水平钻孔，马塞洛斯变得更加可回收。他补充说，工作已经开始，生产已经开始。“我们已经看到生产有所增加。”例如，2008年的水平超过2007年。“这是我们第一次在一段时间内看到这一点。”
数字油田
然而,一个主要挑战油气面对我n the past six months or so is “getting more out of what you have,” Strathman remarks. “That means E&P is being treated more as manufacturing, something with which the industry has always had problems.” That’s because “in the oil patch, when [crude] is coming from 10,000-foot to 15,000-foot depths, it makes optimization more difficult than in the refining business.”
Strathman说，优化油块生产意味着拥有数字油田，这也可能称为I-Fields（用于信息场）或智能场。“这对这个行业将是有益的。”这是因为，尽管炼油厂和化学制造商必须弄清楚如何实时控制操作，但“ E＆P仍处于黑暗时代。”
Digital oil-field components include advanced process control, which gives speed with which to solve and then react to changes. To help fill information voids, soft—software-based or virtual—sensors are being created, Strathman observes. Commack predicts “a lot more modeling.”
Regardless, though, where people want to drill, “there’s a real pent-up frustration in the industry to get automation,” Commack observes. Some of this exists because “of the amount of drilling that needs to be done, and to go in and be as effective as possible.” Doing that, he forecasts, will involve new sensor technologies, ultrasonic and down-hole, “that give real-time data.”
C. Kenna Amos, ckamosjr@earthlink.net, is an自动化世界Contributing Editor.
American Petroleum Institute
www.api.org
Siemens Industry Inc.
www.usa.siemens.com/industry/us/en
Aspen Technology Inc.
www.aspentech.com
