Contamination of the environment by micro pollutants has clearly been proven now. So with the high concentration of microorganisms and the contamination by antibiotics coming from animal breeding, hospitals and walk-in clinics, elimination of micro pollutants in biologically treated wastewater has become more and more important.
当前，粉末状活化碳和随后的砂过滤的组合主要用于消除微污染物。该过程能够减少废水处理厂废水中的痕量物质，例如药物残基，但是，由于砂过滤器无法确保完全分离活性碳颗粒，因此不利。因此，除了通过活化的碳吸附和砂过滤处理废水外，还必须实施进一步的治疗步骤。
下面示例中介绍的膜过程结合了微污染物在活性碳和膜过滤上的吸附。膜过滤步骤接管了分离（粉末）活性碳，微塑料和（多耐药性）的工作。因此，此过程不仅可以确保对药物残基和其他微量物质的阈值依从性，而且还确保了废水处理厂废水中多耐药细菌和微塑料的预期浓度限制。
In Huenxe, Germany, a German association for sewage treatment – Emschergenossenschaft/ Lippeverband* – operates a municipal wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 17,000 PE (population equivalents). This plant is divided into an MBR (Membrane Bioreactor) plant and a conventional biological treatment plant, each with a capacity of 8,500 PE.
The tests were carried out here with the effluent of the conventional treatment plant in the framework of a master thesis by the University of Dresden, as well as in cooperation with the local association for sewage treatment.
The test plant consists of a filtration tank equipped with a with an ultrafiltration BIO-CEL® membrane module from MICRODYN-NADIR. The filtration tank of the test stand is fed with the effluent of the sedimentation tank. Activated carbon is added from a receiver tank and concentrated in the filtration tank. Activated carbon is separated by the BIO-CEL® membrane module and the permeate is transferred to the final effluent. The experiments showed that, as a matter of principle, the combination of activated carbon adsorption and carbon separation by an immersed ultrafiltration module works well and activated carbon is reliably separated.
活性炭的浓度增加对膜性能没有影响，并且在整个测试期间也无法检测到保留能力的变化。
这种组合的活性炭吸附d immersed membrane filtration has proven an alternative to the established activated carbon/precipitation/sand filtration process. The advantages of this configuration are superior with respect to the separation of multi-resistant germs and micro plastics, both of which will be more and more the focus in the future.
Initial cost estimation of this process also demonstrates its competitiveness in relation to the established activated carbon/precipitation/sand filtration process.
