This article originally appeared Aug. 2, 2017, after Reshma Saujani's keynote at the 2017 LiveWorx Technology Conference. But this topic remains as relevant as ever. Saujani, founder and CEO of Girls Who Code, gave a keynote presentation at ProMat 2019 last week in Chicago to continue her push for closing the gender gap in industry.
在美国,计算机上有大约500,000个开放工作,但我们每年只毕业40,000名计算机科学专业的学生。同时,计算机劳动力中的女性人数已从1995年的总计37%下降到了今天的24%。Reshma Saujani说,采取一些措施来解决导致这种下降的文化影响,而女性可能是填补人才管道的答案。
“如果我们什么都不做,情况会变得更糟,” Saujani在最近的一次听众中告诉观众LiveWorx技术会议in Boston. “It will drop to 22 percent by 2025.”
So Saujani is doing something. She is the founder and CEO ofGirls Who Code, a national non-profit organization focused on closing the gender gap in technology through afterschool clubs for sixth- to 12th-grade girls and summer immersion programs for 10th and 11th graders. Girls are not only learning how to code—they’re learning how to overcome significant cultural barriers.
“Why have we had this dramatic decline of women in computing at a time when technology is a part of everything we do?” Saujani asked. The answer, she said, is seen throughout our culture.
在1980年代,当PC出来时,它被定为男孩的玩具。Saujani说:“那台计算机是一种变革性的体验,因为它使他们能够修补,梦想可能的事情。”“小女孩没有相同的经历。他们的父母不是为他们购买计算机。”
The stereotypical programmer is a dude in a hoodie, sitting in a basement, unshowered. Little girls looked at that image and didn’t see a role model for themselves, Saujani said. “Not only do I not want to是他,我什至不想成为friends和他在一起。”她补充说。“这完全使他们无法进入这个领域。”
我们的文化还庆祝女性不擅长数学的想法。例如,受欢迎的芭比娃娃说:“我讨厌数学;让我们去购物。”或者她为游戏设计了这个想法,但需要史蒂文(Steven)和布莱恩(Brian)的帮助才能将其转变为实际的游戏。在电影《卑鄙的女孩》中,主角假装自己不擅长数学来赢得男孩的感情。
“你永远不会走进晚宴,说我看不懂。这在社会上是不可接受的,” Saujani评论说。“但是,女性说她们讨厌或不擅长生存的技能,这在社会上是可以接受的。”
和女孩被教导从小只咕噜咕噜叫ue those things they are good at. “We’ve raised our girls to be perfect, and we’ve raised our boys to be brave,” Saujani contends. “Boys are taught to crawl to the top of the monkey bars and jump off, head first. We expect bravery, not perfection.”
萨哈尼(Saujani)对技术受众说,当然,男人会很容易地为他们一无所知的事情而志愿服务。“您对拒绝完全满意;这不会打扰您,”她说。“我们不喜欢它。我们已经被提高到完美,始终使它正确。”
这样做的结果是,女性倾向于只倾向于自己知道自己擅长的事物。“我们在课堂上占主导地位,但您在现实世界中杀死了我们。”
这与编码世界背道而驰,这是一个具有大量反复试验的迭代过程。当一个女孩第一次学习编码时,她会坐在空白屏幕上时,这并不少见,这不确定她为继续前进而做的工作。“她编写了代码,但删除了它,” Saujani描述了一种特殊情况。“与其展示她所取得的进展,她什么也没表现。这是完美的或胸围。”
“When you teach girls to code, you teach them how to be brave,” Saujani added.
尽管Saujani实际上并不知道自己如何编写代码,但她知道勇敢的事。在33岁那年,她辞去了律师的工作,并竞选美国国会(第一位印度裔美国人这样做),反对一名18岁的现任人。她迷路了,并完全拥抱了自己的失败,从而创造了编码的女孩。
Saujani在竞选期间访问了许多学校,并对男孩在机器人和计算机科学课上的压倒性主导地位感到沮丧。“我心想:女孩在哪里?这没有道理,”她说。“妇女是大学的多数,劳动力的大多数和40%的养家糊口。在经济机会方面尤其没有意义。”
创建代码的女孩是为了改变这种动态。它始于2012年的纽约市,有20个女孩参加了该计划。从那以后,每个州都有女孩。萨贾尼指出:“这个数字真的很强大,因为记住,去年只有7,000名女孩毕业于计算机科学。”
Saujani hopes to reach 100,000 girls next year with the afterschool club programs. There are currently 80 summer immersion programs in 11 different cities. Half of the girls in the program are under the poverty line—many without Wi-Fi at home and some even walking over from homeless shelters.
Saujani的父母从乌干达移民到美国。她的父亲向她读给她的领导人,例如约翰·肯尼迪,圣雄甘地和纳尔逊·曼德拉。她说:“从我还是个小女孩开始,我想成为一名变革代理。”
当女孩学会编码时,她们成为变革代理。“我们要做的第一件事是教授能力,” Saujani说。“但是他们也在学习如何勇敢,如何弹性,如何使用他们的声音。他们学会了如何掌握首席执行官并告诉他们他们的代码很烂。他们学到的技能的信心就是教他们如何生存。”
该计划是在鼓励女孩转向计算职业方面的成功 - 夏季沉浸式计划中93%的女孩和俱乐部计划中有65%的女孩正在考虑计算机科学或密切相关的领域。没有这些计划,Saujani说:“将会有太多的创新将留下来。”
She pointed to a few recent grads that are making a difference in their field. Danielle Okezie is one of only two female computer science majors in her class at Harvard. As a freshman at the University of Pennsylvania, Nastasia Efremkina applied for a patent for a device to make guns safer. And Trisha Prabhu recently won $100,000 from Shark Tank for her app, ReThink, that takes steps to combat cyber bullying.
From Saujani’s point of view, women bring a different sensibility to programming and to what discoveries can be made. “If you want to find a cure to cancer, teach girls to code,” she said. “If you want to do something about climate change, teach girls to code.”