机器设计中的安全性和安全性

Strategies around the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are creating new global manufacturing approaches and different conversations between machine builders and end users. The safety discussions that have become more commonplace between end users and OEMs will increasingly need to involve security as well.

IIT GEATION带来了额外的安全问题 - 更多机会为黑客寻找进入企业的方法，因为更多的机器和设备获取IP地址，并且在许多情况下，都连接到云。它们将变得更容易对远程访问特洛伊木马，文件窃取恶意软件，勒索软件和任何数量的攻击。

According to a recent AT&T cybersecurity survey of more than 5,000 enterprises, 85 percent of respondents are in the process or are planning to deploy IoT devices; yet only 10 percent of the respondents feel like their security practices are in place.

“OEMs are looking to enable things like remote access to their machines,” says Keith Blodorn, director ofPROWOFT技术wireless program. “And machine builders need to be able to demonstrate security of remote access connections for end users.”

但据John Kowal表示，据业务发展总监John Kowal表示，终点用户仍然是安全座位的安全座位。B＆R自动化。B＆R是IT / OT委员会在工业互联网联盟（IIC）中的IT / OT委员会的成员，并正在解决关键的网络安全问题，例如远程访问诊断，机器监控和IIOT的所有事物。

In the food industry, which is undergoing traceability operational changes brought on by the 2015 Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), some companies won’t allow machine builders to remotely diagnose their equipment due to enterprise IT security policies.

“Some [consumer packaged goods] end users are saying data has to be on a secure network and they just haven’t come up with a good solution,” says Erl Campbell, product manager atav，气球供应商。

需要标准
A mature safety culture is fully recognized in today’s industrial automation landscape. Safety standards have driven these companies to implement robotic cell assessments, supply chain requirements or machinery updates. In contrast, cybersecurity standards are moving slowly, resulting in less visibility for manufacturers and OEMs.

这种情况的一个原因来自缺乏制造安全标准。In this case, the industry could learn from the advances that have been made in safety, including the development of machine control safety technology standards such as ISO 13849-1 and IEC 62061. There’s also ISO 12100 and its best practices for principle machinery safety standards for Europe and the U.S.

Security standards are beginning to follow suit through such bodies as the European Standardization Organizations, GSMA and the North American Electric Reliability Corp. (NERC), with its Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) cybersecurity standard for protecting power utilities.

The evolution of risk management has resulted in higher productivity, while also helping to show the link between safety and security.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released a voluntary cybersecurity framework for manufacturers that is proving popular, despite its detractors. In a March 2016 survey of more than 300 U.S. IT professionals, Tenable Network Security found a majority of organizations have at least one of these NIST security frameworks in place.

Half of the respondents to the AT&T cybersecurity survey feel high investment costs are a barrier to security adoption. Standardization could help those costs. “Without a clear international security standard to define everybody’s equipment and services features, OEMs have to show that they can comply with every specific end user’s internal requirements,” says Simone Gianotti, motion product manager for施耐德电气’s行业业务。

谈话继续
Safety standards have created a continuous conversation between OEMs and end users and, in the process, productivity benefits have resulted through a number of industrial technology advances: mature network standards, integrated safety (PLCs), smart devices and drastically higher chip processing speeds.

“End users are providing machine builders hard safety specifications,” says Scott Stevens, global OEM technical consultant for罗克韦尔自动化。

Safety PLC advancements have helped suppliers reduce design work for machine builders with ISO 13849-1, which requires category and performance levels for each type of I/O. When designing a machine, OEMs can work around the 13849-1 statistical analysis of its machine if the technology already meets the required risk reduction with the safety controller.

Another reason for better productivity on the plant floor is network safety. “European OEMs are embracing networked safety, safe motion and open safety,” Kowal says. “North America needs to catch up with networked safety, especially safe motion as applied to machines and robots. There are huge productivity gains to be had by not shutting down production lines and setting to safe mode, such as safe torque, force, speed, position, direction and operating envelope.”

Joey Stubbs，Ethercat技术营销Beckhoff Automation, points to his company’s success with TwinSAFE and Functional Safety over EtherCAT (FSoE) safety standard. “These technologies allow a machine builder or end user to implement a SIL 3-rated safety system that communicates on the same EtherCAT fieldbus as the motors, drives, I/O and sensors without a separate safety network,” he says.

网络和机器安全越来越与安全性相关联。工业控制系统（IC）的网络安全非常安全问题，Blodorn笔记。

“制造商和OEM正在开始看到风险管理背景下的安全和安全之间的关系，”罗克韦尔自动化安全的高级工业顾问George Schuster说。

由于机器建设者和最终用户更多地沟通其风险管理方法，安全性和安全性可能会开始重叠。但是，现在，最重要的是分开对话和单独的责任点。作为安全性成熟，它将有助于维持制造生产力。