0:14
欢迎来到自动化世界“回答你的问题”播客,我们与行业专家联系,以获得你所需的关于工业自动化技术的答案。您可以通过订阅subscribeaw.com上的automation world找到更多答案。我是David Greenfield,自动化世界的主编。在这节课中,我们要回答的问题是你如何决定用生产执行系统软件来跟踪哪些关键的性能指标或指标?和我一起回答这个问题的是工业系统集成商Grantek的Sam Russem。谢谢你加入我的节目,山姆。
山姆Russem
谢谢你邀请我,大卫。很高兴又上播客了。
大卫·格林菲尔德自动化的世界
0:57
你知道,让我们从解释如何使用制造执行系统或制造运营管理软件来跟踪关键的生产指标开始。
山姆Russem
1:08
是啊,那么从哪里开始呢?MES真的很擅长计算这些生产指标,它很酷,它以一种很好的方式检查了所有的盒子,对吧?我的意思是,要获得和使用这些指标,你需要做三件事,对吧,你必须获得源数据,你需要对它进行一些计算,然后开始将其转化为具有上下文的信息。然后你要把它从系统中拿出来,交给利益相关者。我们会用它来做一些决定,对吧。同样的,mes,它可以做每一件事,它也可以用独特的方式来做。所以当涉及到收集数据时,你的mes通常位于工厂的控制系统之上,它可以与plc, SCADA历史学家交谈,工厂里的这些东西。但它也会与工厂外的东西对话,它可以与你的ERP对话,就像你的供应链管理系统和类似的东西。所以它很擅长从不同的系统中获取不同的数据。它的背后通常有所有的基础设施来做一些你想做的计算不管是通过数据库调用还是MES的内置函数,还是写你自己的自定义代码。 And then that last steps, usually the easiest, actually, it's just kind of presenting this on some type of dashboard or some type of report that you can get out the door to all the stakeholders to go through and make decisions. So if you're wondering kind of where you can be calculating certain metrics that are that are tough for you to get today, an mes might be kind of that building block in that space where you should be building that. Thanks for explaining that, Sam,
大卫·格林菲尔德自动化的世界
2:43
你知道,在我们进一步深入之前,你知道,这里的解释,你知道,围绕这个主题,你知道,我想解决的一件事是制造执行系统的两个术语MES和MoM,以及制造运营管理。这两个词在很大程度上是可以互换使用的。但是这两者和你的观点有什么明显的区别吗?还是更偏向于供应商的命名?
山姆Russem
3:10
说实话,这两个都是对的。是的,MES/MOM一直可以互换使用。我花了一段时间在这个领域免费工作,我们首先需要掌握其中的区别,我真的只是觉得在英语中,当你在谈论制造时,总是把东西叫做MOM是很奇怪的,但实际上,我的理解是,它更像是MOM制造操作。管理就像一种职能。这是一个你可以做各种事情的领域。MES,制造执行系统是一种帮助你进行制造操作管理的软件。所以我试着做了一个类比。这是我第一次尝试。让我知道这是否适用。但这有点像妈妈说的汽车运输。 And mez is something like cars, right? So automobile transportation is a big concept. It's about using motorized vehicles to get things from one place to another. Cars are a specific type of automation of automotive transportation, that is good at transporting small numbers of people, but not everything that solves your transportation problems as a car, you have buses, you have trucks, you have motorcycles, and they're each good at different things, right? Trucks are better at moving large amounts of cargo, motorcycles are better at taking a single person somewhere and having them look very cool when they do it. So there's all of these different kinds of types of things and types of systems that can solve a MOM problem. So again, in this context, there's all sorts of different pieces of software collections of software that can help improve your manufacturing operations management. MES is one of them. They're particularly good at things like that data selection, scheduling, collecting some of that data and kind of presenting those analytics. There's other more tailor made solutions that also help with operations management, things like your warehouse management systems, or your limbs systems or your maintenance management systems, right? These are all things that might not be necessarily a part of a mez piece of software, but are still helping you in that mom's space. So yes, they're used interchangeably all the time. Usually, when people are talking about mom, they're talking about MES systems as well. But there are other pieces of software that definitely help in that set in that domain.
大卫·格林菲尔德自动化的世界
5:35
好的,就我们的参考而言,我们今天谈论的KPI和指标,跟踪,它同样适用于两者,还是它更适用于一个领域还是另一个领域?
山姆Russem
5:45
是的,好问题。所以我想说的是,很多床,妈妈,我们在这里谈论的软件,将会有很多我所说的MES的属性对它来说是有价值的,对吧?它们只是为特定的应用量身定制的,再说一次,仓库管理系统真的很好,对吧?所以如果你谈论的是生产,运营,管理的原则,库存管理是一个巨大而复杂的领域。有一些软件是专门为做好库存管理而设计的。你甚至可以想象,这是mes软件本身的一种形式。这一切这一切都有点学术性。
大卫·格林菲尔德自动化的世界
6:24
所以我想在未来,我会把它称为MES因为这是更常用的缩写。无论如何,回到度量问题,MES软件告诉用户关于这些度量的什么?你知道,它只是跟踪他们,并提供一个历史性的历史趋势的观点吗?或者,它能否基于对这些指标的跟踪提供见解?是的。你知道的,比如,目标是什么或者在哪里进行改进?还是说这需要独立的分析软件?
山姆Russem
6:57
这是一个巨大的机会。我觉得自己在市场经济地位,这也是很多人想要达到的目标。所以如果你看一下你在这里谈论的很多东西有点类似于度量标准,成熟度指南,对吧?在很多分析成熟度模型中,他们谈到如何从描述性分析开始,然后是诊断性的,然后是预测性的,然后是规定性的,所以这些级别的每一个都比上一个复杂一些。因此,今天任何有价值的MES软件都将为您提供描述性和诊断性分析。问题是哪些人超越了这一点,做了更多的预测和规定的工作。一些MES平台肯定会更多地进入这个领域,并在他们的生态系统中做更多的事情。但也有很多其他第三方软件可能专门从事某种类型的预测工作,或者只是其他更强大的预测工具的一个很好的工具集,可能能够帮助你。我在想像预测性维护工具之类的东西,对,他们使用类似的数据,我可以为你计算。但是有一些预测性维护工具使用类似于MES的数据,这些工具是专门建造的,非常非常擅长预测这些事情。 And you might not want to do something in your mes, if there's software that's out there that is good at it already. And then there's definitely plenty of AI/ML platforms, you can also layer on top of this, if you did want to get to something more powerful. And I gotta say also that like, we're not taking people out of the equation just yet, in most of these cases, right. So even if you do have some intelligence in these systems, that is giving you that that's really pointing you in the right direction and telling you what to fix, you usually do still need some human interaction to validate that decision, or to actually go through and do that work or make that change. I think that people are still rightfully cautious about a completely hands off approach for things like that.
大卫·格林菲尔德自动化的世界
8:51
希望这能增强人们所做的事情,并帮助指导他们,而不必花时间去尝试,你知道,处理所有这些数据,你知道,人类几乎不可能在任何现实的时间内完成这些数据。所以,回到这个播客背后的读者问题,你知道,制造商应该如何评估他们的运营,以确定他们应该用MES软件跟踪哪些关键指标?
山姆Russem
9:18
我的看法是,当你试图寻找从哪里开始MES之旅时,实际上有三种思想流派,对吧?而是你发现你最大的问题和抱怨,然后你去解决它们。所以你去尝试这是第一种选择。第二种选择是你找到那些唾手可得的果实,试着表明你可以让一些东西起作用。第三点,我之前接受的培训就是从这些整体的业务目标开始,然后把你的目标逐级向下,找出MES和KPI战略将会是什么。我认为所有这些策略单独来看都存在问题,对吧?如果你在寻找最大的问题,你可能也找到了最复杂的问题,因为如果你能解决它,你就已经解决了,对吧?所以这真的会导致一个非常复杂的设计和昂贵且有风险的实现。另一方面,如果你走到另一个极端,选择最低限度的果实,当然,你可能会展示一些东西,但你可能不会从中得到任何价值。那么重点是什么呢,商业目标听起来是一个很好的起点,但我不认为这是最好的做法。 But what I've seen happen a lot of times is companies maybe without as strong of a strategic direction, or maybe don't have kind of that clear goal and business objectives laid out, it can really spiral into more of like a business management consulting activity, and you kind of get lost in in what you were trying to do in the first place. So I think it's probably pretty obvious what I'm trying to get to here, which is, I think that the right answer is a balance between these three, right, you want to find a problem that is really going to that people are complaining about, it's going to provide value, but not your hardest one, right. And you're going to want to make sure that this is all aligned to some type of overall business goal that you can set a goal post around, I want to reduce scrap by 10%, or increase throughput by 4%, or something like that, you should have some type of business metric that you're trying to do. And then you collect all your pain points and opportunities that can really drive that. And that's where you start to kind of build up where you might want to apply this MES technology to get started.
大卫·格林菲尔德自动化的世界
11:26
我在想的一件事,这可能是其中之一,这取决于不同的答案。因为,你知道,每个MES软件都是不同的。您知道,但是一旦用户确定了他们想要跟踪哪些指标,这通常是如何在MES软件中实现的呢?我猜,一般来说,你知道,高层次的?
山姆Russem
11:51
是的。实际上,我要回到我是如何回答第一个问题的,我建议把东西分成三个字母,两到三层,有点像模型视图控制器类型的东西,如果你习惯了那种编程术语的话。但是,这是你的连接,你的计算机和显示器,对吧?你的连接性部分,我如何从所有这些系统中获取所有这些数据,这一直都在变化,因为你可能有很多不同的系统,它们想要以不同的方式获取你的数据。所以,它需要有自己的核心,因为它会以不同的速度变化,对于不同的应用,而不是其他方面,然后你有你的计算。一旦你建立了所有这些数据的模型,希望你能把它带入,以及通用格式。现在你用这些数据做什么可以变得更加标准。当涉及到可视化的时候,你希望事情是非常标准的,对吧?可以重用的越多越好。所以我认为你会帮助我打破这些想法,我要如何连接到所有这些设备? How am I going to get all of that data? And then who do I send it to? And I also think that as you break things down, that way, you'll kind of intentionally modularize your code to make it easier to kind of improve and change these things down the line as you do you need to roll out and expand.
大卫·格林菲尔德自动化的世界
13:01
说到改变,你知道,随着你的前进,你知道,增加或调整你在MES中跟踪的指标有多难?根据你所学到的知识,是否需要随着时间的推移进行调整?
山姆Russem
13:14
好吧,如果你理解我刚才描述的,希望没那么糟。但确实如此,它总是会变得一团糟。我的意思是,有很多次我走进工厂和其他格兰泰克的人走进有MES系统的工厂有很多像硬编码的数据,对吧?所以如果你不知道,对,我们正在讨论硬编码我们正在讨论的东西,就像当你针对手头的一个问题编码时,而不是为了灵活性和未来设计的改变,就像人们会做一个图表,显示随着时间的推移的温度,但只适用于这个温度探头,它不会转换到其他温度探头之类的东西。正确的。因此,如果你从一开始就以适当的模块化和灵活性设计代码,希望小的更改很容易实现。当然,这是一个视情况而定的问题。你知道,如果我今天骑自行车,明天我就不能把它变成法拉利了。但是仍然需要做一些小的调整,如果设计得好,我们应该能够很容易地完成它。
大卫·格林菲尔德自动化的世界
14:14
所以,你知道,我们一直在谈论,你知道,这个,你知道,这个话题在一个非常高的一般水平上。但你能举几个例子,谈谈你与客户合作过的通过MES进行度量跟踪的例子,以及这是如何使他们的运营受益的?
山姆Russem
14:28
我倒是有个很酷的故事。你和我之前在几个播客上讨论过OEE所以OEE是一个度量标准在mes层中经常计算,对吧?如果你想了解更多关于它的信息,你可以随时回去听那些播客,但这是一个高层次的对话,对吧。OEE告诉你一条线路的运行效率如何,你使用了多少,并帮助你将其分解为可用性、吞吐量和质量。所以我们有一个客户正面临着我要改善还是通过新的决定来提高他们工厂的生产能力和产量?他们不知道,我是否需要投资安装一条全新的生产线或者几条生产线来满足需求?或者我是否能够以更低的成本改变我现有的挖掘现有机器的进程,那么我仍然能够达到这些数字。我们从OEE计算开始。对吧?好吧,那么,你当前资产的运行效率如何,我们发现吞吐量是相当固定的,只是基于过程的性质? Sure, if there was availability issues, the machines went down sometimes, but even if we fixed all of the downtime issues that wasn't going to get to them to their production numbers, it was really quality quality was the issue that we had. And if we could increase quality by a certain amount of points, for under a certain amount of dollars, it was pretty clear that they could just that there'll be a much more cost effective solution to make those improvements. So that actually led to another expansion of that MES system. So okay, if quality is the thing that we need to fix, we started adding in more SPC features, so that we could try to detect before would happen if a quality issue what was imminence? And then there were other things too, right. So I believe the manufacturer worked with some of their suppliers to get more consistent materials in the door. And they also changed some of their operating processes on the floor to make sure that people were coming by those machines more often and taking more corrective action. And in the end, thanks to the data that came out of these MES systems, they were able to hit those new production numbers without having to install a new line.
大卫·格林菲尔德自动化的世界
16:38
这就是投资回报率。最后一个问题,Sam,既然我们一直在谈论mes这个话题,你知道,多年来一直有很多关于mes软件的讨论,你知道,当然,虽然它不会消失,但很可能会被吸收为ERP系统的一部分,甚至可能是更大的SCADA/HMI系统。所以根据你的经验,你知道,在这些系统的工业中,你看到它通过了吗?或者你认为MES会一直是一个独立的软件组件吗?
山姆Russem
17:13
老实说,我认为形势正在发生变化,以适应其中一些选择。但它不会取代我们今天所知道的MES软件,它只是为市场上的人们提供了更多的选择。正确的。这里,让我给大家举几个例子我们之前在SCADA和ERP中见过。还有一些其他的选择,我觉得很有趣。因此,在你和我进行的堆栈扁平化对话中,我们讨论了SCADA作为更多mes功能,具体来说,我们讨论了感应自动化点火SCADA,以及如何使用Sepasoft mes模块将其扩展到mes功能。对于已经拥有点火SCADA的人来说,这是一个非常酷的选择,也许你想深入研究更多的mes用例,但不想买一个大的mes,他们只是想解决几个问题。或者他们确实想在单一点火平台上培训人员而不是另一个MES平台。所以它可能不像专用的MES软件那样功能齐全,但它确实是扩展你的SCADA系统并开始获得一些收益的好方法。另一方面,你有像sap这样的东西,至少在北美是这样的。 And they have been adding mes like modules to their platform for years now, right, they do have a week, they do have SPC, they have em. And that's definitely all overlapping with mes software. The challenge with those is that they aren't in the plant most of the time, right. So there are systems that are owned and managed by it and corporate it they don't have systems in the plant. So that type of communication to get that plant level data is definitely possible, but it ends up usually being kind of expensive and more complex. Now, another approach that I do think is really interesting is what a company like Tulip is doing. So Tulip bills themselves as a next generation MES, and they're doing something unique and valuable in that they have this IoT app based philosophy where instead of paying an upfront fee for all of these MES features in a big piece of mes software, you design, implement and pay by the application, which makes it really easy to solve individual problems. For example, you need a GXP rated electronic batch record EBR system for a bio manufacturer. Traditionally, you might need to buy a fully fledged MES just to solve that ERP problem. And with Tulip you just deploy a single EDR app for much less complexity much easier to validate much lower code and cost point so so no, I don't think that the quote unquote traditional and the yes software I like your Aveva your production center your Plex, that's not going away anytime soon. But the markets expanding and that is offering new choices and new choices to customers. And that can help solve problems in different ways. And, and I think that's a really good thing.
大卫·格林菲尔德自动化的世界
20:14
我甚至听说,在上周的Aveva世界活动上,他们甚至用腹肌,他们是模块化的。所以你可以购买它的组件,你知道,通过SAAS,或者,你知道,安装在现场,但他们在同样的模式下,他们仍然会以传统的形式为那些想要它的人提供完整的我。
山姆Russem
20:34
即使这些软件并没有完全改变市场,成为下一个Aveva或类似的东西。至少你知道,这些小公司来了,做了更多创新的事情,然后迫使其他参与者也做出改变。正确的。他们在树立新的想法和先例。
大卫·格林菲尔德自动化的世界
20:49
完全正确。好的。再次感谢你收听我的播客,山姆。当然,感谢我们所有的听众。请继续关注我们的专栏,我们将为您解答更多的问题。请记住,您可以在automation world.com上找到我们,并在aubscribeaw.com上订阅印刷杂志,以了解最新的工业自动化技术见解、趋势和新闻。